M11- TERJEMAHAN VIDEO (3)
Definisi
Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1)#JomTulisTesis
Bab 1, seterusnya kita pergi 1.8 iaitu definisi operasional. Okey ini
agak sukar, kadang-kadang pelajar agak keliru, operasional bermakna tentang
definasi tentang Kajian yang kita jalankan, bukan definasi konsep. Macam contoh
pelajar ada buat makna satu persatu iaitu wacana, apa makna skrip, tekstual,
animasi, cerita, rakyat, dan melayu, itu adalah salah. Bukan kita mahu definasi
itu, kalau definasi tiap-tiap satu, mulalah pelajar akan rujuk kamus dewan, dia
akan rujuk semua jenis kamus. Itu kita tidak mahu. Jangan! Operational adalah
tentang kajian kita. Jadi biiasanya definasi operational ini minma 2 atau
paling maksima tentang bagaimana kita nak jalankan kajian ini supaya, bila
pembaca akan faham (ouh. Ini maksudnya). Jadi jikalau kita lihat tajuk ini, kita
ambil satu untuk wacana tekstual, lagi satu kita ambil skrip animasi cerita
rakyat Melayu. Kalau kita nak ambil bezakan skrip animasi, jadi satu skrip
animasi yang tiada kaitan pula. Jadi satu skrip animasi apa? Jadi kita boleh
teruskan. Untuk tajuk ini, mungkin ada dua. Tajuk yang lain mungkin ada tiga.
kalau kita ambil tajuk daripada kejuruteraan tu contohnya, mungkin di dalam
operational itu ada banyak sebab dia ada kadar pemboleh ubah yang banyak di
dalam itu. Kalau daripada tesis sain begitu juga. Ada banyak pemboleh ubah yang
membolehkan kita membuat definasi operational supaya pemeriksa faham apa kaitan
tajuk itu dengan tesis tersebut. Kalau kita tengok tesis dari segi bentuk
ekonomi juga begitu. Kita ada banyak pemboleh ubah, mungkin lebih dari tiga.
Jadi yang ini, kita fokus pada, contohnya kita letak “wacana tekstual”.
Namun, wacana tekstual yang awak nak kaji mesti berkaitan dengan kajian
dan pastikan bahawa bukanlah yang ini mesti ambik dari rujukan (perlu ada
rujukan). Ada satu cara, satu ambik “wacana tekstual”, berkaitan dengan kajian
awak yang berfokus pada skrip animasi. Wacana tekstual ini akan dianalisis
dengan menggunakan 3 elemen, contohnya, kandungan, konteks dan andaian. Jadi
menurut Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019, wacana tekstual apa dia? Apa dia? Bolehlah
ada rujukan. Seterusnya juga 1.8.2 Skrip Animasi Cerita Rakyat Melayu, jadi ini
perlulah kaitan dengan kajian awak, jadi huraikan apa dia secara ringkas. Skrip
Animasi Cerita Rakyat Melayu terdiri daripada 20 cerita, sebab awak punya dalam
analisis tesis ada 20 cerita. Skrip animasi ini berbentu? Apa dia? Jadi
huraian. Mungkin yang ini skrip animasi cerita rakyat melayu ini awak huraikan
ialah berkaitan dengan berkaitan dengan kajian kita. Namun tiada pula rujukan,
tidak mengapa. Jadi ada 2 cara. Ada rujukan dan tiada rujukan. Jadi yang kedua
tiada rujukan, tapi awak buat huraian tentang wacana tekstual itu dari segi
konteks awak punya tesis, jadi tiada rujukan. Kedua-dua cara itu boleh
diterima, namun seperti yang saya katakan sebelum ini mesti rujuk penyelia
terlebih dahulu. Jika penyelia kata mahu rujukan, mesti letak rujukan. Jika
penyelia kata, saya percaya dan saya faham ini sebenarnya tidak perlu rujukan
kerana ia berkaitan dengan kajian awak, bukan kajian orang lain (juga boleh diterima).
Macam saya katakana sebelum ini, kita ini berbeza pendapat, berebeza sekolah,
jadi pemikiran kita juga berbeza. Jadi pemikiran penyelia, kalua kita ada
sejuta penyelia, sejuta juga pendapat dari penyelia. Jadi terpulanglah kepada
penyelia. Jadi kalau macam saya, saya kata tidak perlu sebab bagi saya definisi
operasional tentang kajian bagaimana awak nak jalankan kajian. Namapun operasional,
jalankan kajian, bukan definisi konsep, jadi jika ada rujukan pastikan kalau
nak buat rujukan, tak boleh rujuk kamus (tidak perlu), mesti rujuk daripada
kajian-kajian, bukannya rujuk kamus. Jangan kata “Menurut kamus dewan edisi
keempat, wacana tekstual ialah…, tidak boleh. Jadi mesti rujuk rujukan,
kajian-kajian daripada orang lain. Macam saya katakana tadi, satu boleh rujuk
rujukan, dan dua tidak ada rujukan juga boleh. Terpulang kepada penyelia
masing-masing. Jadi jikalau diterima itu, mestilah akur sahaja.
Jadi sekarang ini jika kita lihat, setelah selesai definisi operasional,
kita teruskan 1.9 iaitu, Organisasi kajian. Organisasi kajian ini sebenarnya
terpulang kepada individu iaitu kepada pelajar dan juga penyelia. Yang ini
biasanya, saya akan suruh pelajar PHD, saya akan suruh letak organisasi kajian,
kadang-kadang pelajar master juga bileh, namun jika mereka tidak letak juga
tiada masalah. Yang ini boleh pilih, jika perlu sahaja. Organisasi kajian buat
dalam bentuk perenggan, jadi perenggan pertama ialah apa ada dalam bab 1,
kemudian perenggan seterusnya ada apa dalam bab 2 dan seterusnya perenggan 3,
apa ada dalam bab 3, mengikut organisasi kita, kita buat secara ringkas supaya
bila penyelia baca, mengikut susunan perenggan dan mengetahui isi kandungan
setiap bab. Penyusunan tesis kita secara teratur, jadi setiap perenggan itu
dalam ringkasan sahaja kerana seperti yang saya katakan sebelum ini, tiap-tiap
bab kita ada pengenalan. Pengenalan itu sudah kita katakan apa yang terkandung
dalam bab tersebut. Tetapi dalam organisasi kajian ini kita mesti nyatakan
secara ringkas apa ada dalam tiap-tiap perenggan. Jadi untuk pelajar PHD, saya
akan wajibkan supaya dia sendiri boleh faham, apa ada dalam tiap-tiap bab dan
juga kalau pelajar master, bolehlah jika mereka mahu buat atau tidak buat,
pelajar bachelor juga tidak mengapa dan juga pelajar diploma juga tiada masalah,
terpulang kepada penyelia. Seterusnya 1.0 baru masuk kepada kesimpulan, semua
bab macam saya katakan tadi mesti ada kesimpulan, harus kita simpulkanlah apa
ada dalam bab tersebut.
Jadi apa yang saya dapati tesis
tiada kesimpulan, jadi tergantung sahaja begini. Jadi apabila tergantung
begini, tiba-tiba kita tengok sudah masuk bab 2, jadi tidak ada kesinambungan
bab 1 dan juga bab 2, macam bab 1 itu ada satu bab lain, seperti menjadi antiti
lain pula, jadi tiada kaitan lansung dengan bab 2 (tidak boleh), kita mesti ada
kesimpulan. Kesimpulan ini kita simpulkan apa ada dalam bab 1 dan juga mesti
ingat ayat akhir, kita mesti letak kaitkan dengan bab seterusnya. Bab
seterusnya iaitu bab 2 akan membincangkan sorotan kajian…. Jadi bolehlah kita
dapati bahawa ada kesinambungan antara bab 1 dan juga bab 2, jadi sama juga
dengan saya terangkan dalam bab-bab lain, dalam kesimpulan mesti ada ayat
akhir, kita nyatakan apa ada dalam bab seterusnya. Jadi pentingnya ada
kesimpulan. Namun itulah, seperti yang saya katakana tadi, mungkin ada penyelia
“tak perlulah nak simpulkan”, mungkin itu pemikiran beliau, pemikiran kita ini
berbeza macam saya katakan tadi. Lupa saya katakan, halaman berapa? (halaman
berapa ya prof?). bab 1 ini biasanya lebih kurang 8-10 halaman sahaja. Ini yang
saya katakana tadi, bahaya jika ada sesetengah pelajar buat sampai 30 halaman
(ini adalah salah). Nak tahu kenapa sampai 30? Masalah kajian itu sahaja sudah
15 halaman. Apabilah masalah kajian ada 30 halaman, dia akan menjadi macam
seolah-olah dia buat sorotan kajian (itu sudah salah). Sebab masalah kajian ini
kita ambil hanya yang betul-betul penting, masukkan dalam itu. Sedangkan kita
tahu bahawa dalam bab 2 memang banyak ada jurang dekat situ, jadi itu juga
menjadi masalah, jadi kita ambil yang penting sahaja. Jadi apabila kita letak
masalah kajian itu ada 30, bermakna akan menjadi banyak halaman (sudah menjadi
kesalahan). Sebab yang penting sekarang ini adalah, akan menjadi sama dengan
bab 2. Macam saya katakan tadi, permasalahan kajian itu kita fokuskan ikut
objektif, objektif ada 2, maka 2 perenggan jugalah masalah kajian. Jika
objektif ada 3, maka 3 perenggan, namun mestilah padat, walaupun ringkas tetapi
padat. Dikaitkan juga dengan objektif, tapi yang selebihnya sorotan-sorotan
ataupun jurang penyelidikan lain mempunyai masalah ada dalam bab 2, jadi pelaj
boleh rujuk daripada situ, jadi kita buat 8-10 halaman sahaja, namun jangan
kurang dari 8, jadi seperti kurang halaman, jika mahu lebih sampai 15 halaman
juga boleh diterima, sebab mungkin dia bersemangat untuk tulis latar belakang
(tiada masalah). Tapi jangan lebih sampai 15 halaman, kita takut akan jadi
seperti sebulat-bulat bab 2, jadi jika saya pemeriksa itu, saya akan lipat
halaman tesisi ini dan saya tulis “ini mesti masuk bab 2”.
Operational Definition & Study Organization (Chapter
1) #JomTulisTesis
Chapter 1, next we go 1.8 which is the operational definition. Okay this
is a bit difficult, sometimes students are a bit confused, operational means
about the definition of the Study we are conducting, not the definition of a
concept. Various examples have students create meaning one at that passage,
what is the meaning of the script, textual, animation, stories, people, and
wilt, it is wrong. We do not want that definition, if the definition of each
one, first the student will refer to the hall dictionary, he will refer to all
types of dictionaries. That we do not want. Don't! Operational is about our
study. So usually this operational definition is at least 2 or at most about how
we want to conduct this study so that, when the reader will understand (ouh!
This means). So if we look at this topic, we take one of the textual discourse,
we take another one animation script Malay folklore. If we want to
differentiate between animated scripts, then it is an animated script that has
nothing to do. So what is an animated script? So we can move on. For this
title, there may be two. Other titles may have three. if we take the title from
the engineering for example, maybe in the operational there are many reasons he
has a large variable rate in it. If from a science thesis so too. There are
many variables that allow us to make operational definitions so that the
examiner understands what the title has to do with the thesis. If we look at
the thesis in terms of economic form, so is it. We have many variables, maybe
more than three. So this one, we focus on, for example we place "textual
discourse".
However, the textual discourse you want to study must be relevant to the
study and make sure that this is not the one that must be taken from the
reference (there must be a reference). There is a way, an ambiguous
"textual discourse", related to your study that focuses on animated
scripts. This textual discourse will be analysed using 3 elements, for example,
content, context and assumptions. So according to Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019,
what textual discourse is he? What is it? There may be a reference. 1.8.2 There
are also scripts Animations Folklore Festival, so this should be linked to the
study of the body, so he briefly describes what. Script Animation Folklore
Festival consists of 20 stories, because you have in the analysis of the thesis
there are 20 stories. Is this animated script shaped? What is it? So the
description. Perhaps this script Malay folklore this animation you describe is
related to related to our study. But there is no reference, it does not matter.
So there are 2 ways. There are references and no references. So the second one
has no reference, but you make a description of the textual discourse in terms
of the context you have a thesis, so there is no reference. Both methods are
acceptable, but as I said before, you must consult your supervisor first. If
the word supervisor wants a reference, he must place a reference. If the
supervisor says, I believe and I understand this actually does not need a
reference because it is related to your study, not someone else’s study (also
acceptable). Like I said before, we have different opinions, different schools,
so our thoughts are also different. So the thought of the supervisor, if we
have a million supervisors, a million also opinions from the supervisor. So it
is up to the supervisor. So if you are like me, I say there is no need for me
to have an operational definition of the study of how you want to conduct the
study. However operational, conduct a study, not a definition of the concept,
so if there is a reference make sure if you want to make a reference, cannot
refer to the dictionary (not necessary), must refer from the studies, not refer
to the dictionary. Do not say “According to the fourth edition of the hall
dictionary, textual discourse is…, cannot. So must refer to references, studies
from others. Like I said earlier, one can refer to a reference, and two no
reference can also. It is up to the respective supervisor. So if it is
accepted, it must be compliant.
So now if we look, after completing the operational definition, we
proceed to 1.9 that is, the organization of the study. The organization of this
study is actually up to the individual, namely the students and also the
supervisor. This is usually, I will ask PHD students, I will ask the placement
of the study organization, sometimes the master students can do it, but if they
do not put it, there is no problem. This one can be selected, if necessary
only. The organization of the study is in the form of a paragraph, so the first
paragraph is what is in chapter 1, then the next paragraph is what is in
chapter 2 and then paragraph 3, what is in chapter 3, according to our organization,
we do briefly so that when the supervisor reads, according paragraph order and
know the contents of each chapter. Organizing our thesis regularly, so each
paragraph is in summary only because as I said before, each of our chapters has
an introduction. That introduction we have already said what is contained in
the chapter. But in the organization of this study we must state briefly what
is in each paragraph. So for PHD students, I will make sure that he himself can
understand, what is in each chapter and also if he is a master student, maybe
if they want to do or not do, bachelor students are also okay and even diploma
students are no problem, it depends to the supervisor. To the next 1.0 just
came to the conclusion, all chapters like I said earlier must have a
conclusion, we must conclude what is in the chapter.
So what I found the thesis was no conclusion, so it just hung like this.
So when it hangs like this, we suddenly see that chapter 2 has entered, so
there is no continuation of chapter 1 and also chapter 2, like chapter 1 there
is another chapter, like being another entity, so it has nothing to do with
chapter 2 (no can), we must have a conclusion. In this conclusion we conclude
what is in chapter 1 and also must remember the last sentence, we must put a
link with the next chapter. The next chapter which is chapter 2 will discuss
the highlights of the study…. So we can find that there is a continuation
between chapter 1 and also chapter 2, so just as I explained in other chapters,
in conclusion there must be a final sentence, we state what is in the next
chapter. So it is important to have a conclusion. But that is, as I said
earlier, there may be a supervisor "there is no need to conclude",
maybe that is his thinking, our thinking is different like I said earlier. I
forgot to say, how many pages? (How many pages, prof?). this chapter 1 is
usually about 8-10 pages only. This is what I said earlier, the danger if some
students make up to 30 pages (this is wrong). Want to know why up to 30? The
problem of the study alone is already 15 pages. When the problem of the study
has 30 pages, he will be as if he is the highlight of the study (that is
already wrong). Because the problem of this study we take only the really
important, include in it. While we know that in chapter 2 there are many gaps
near there, so that is also a problem, so we take only the important. So when
we put the problem of the study there are 30, it means there will be a lot of
pages (already a mistake). The important reason now is, it will be the same as
chapter 2. As I said earlier, we focus on the problem of the study according to
the objective, the objective is 2, then 2 paragraphs are also the problem of
the study. If the objective is 3, then 3 paragraphs, but must be concise, albeit
simple but concise. It is also associated with objectives, but the rest of the
highlights or other research gaps have problems in chapter 2, so students can
refer from there, so we make 8-10 pages only, but not less than 8, so like less
pages, if want more than 15 pages is also acceptable, because maybe he is eager
to write the background (no problem). But not more than 15 pages, we are afraid
it will be like a whole chapter 2, so if I check it, I will fold this thesis
page and I write "this must enter chapter 2".
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