M11 – TERJEMAHAN VIDEO (12)
Metodologi (Bab 3)
TEKS BAHASA MEALYU
Bab 3 ye. Bab 3 ini bab metodologi memang kalau salah huraian akan
salah semuanya. Jadi kalau kita lihat dalam bab 3 kita ada banyak subtopik
tujuannya supaya kita sendiri faham, pemeriksa pun faham, orang lain yang
berada di mana-mana pun di Malaysia, luar negara akan faham kerana kita
menghuraikan secara kita menjalankan kajian. Itu namanya metodologi. Jadi disini
kita lihat ada banyak subtopik iaitu pengenalan, reka bentuk kajian, kaedah
kajian. Kaedah kajian dibahagikan kepada sampel jika perlu kalau menggunakan
sampel dan juga terdapat lokasi kalau kita menggunakan responden contohnya di sekolah
atau dekat mana-mana kampung. Terdapat juga bahan instrumen kajian, prosedur,
analisis, kerangka teori, kerangka konseptual dan kesimpulan. biasa pengenalan
dalam satu perenggan iaitu 3.1 pengenalan kemudian 3.2 reka bentuk. Di dalam
huraian rekabentuk itu pendek dalam satu perenggan sahaja di dalam reka bentuk
ini hanya ingin menjelaskan adakah kita menggunakan kualitatif atau kuantitatif.
Kalau kita menggunakan kedua-duanya kita jelaskan nya. Tapi adalah tidak wajar
memberikan definasi. Tidak perlu memberikan definasi tersebut kerana bab 3
hanya membincangkan tentang kajian kita sahaja. Jadi dalam satu perenggan ceritakan
mengenai kualitatif atau kuantitatif atau kedua-duanya sekali. Kemudian 3.3
kaedah kajian. Menjelaskan mengenai apa kaedah yang kita gunakan. Kalau kita
menggunakan sampel kita letak sampel contohnya kajian saya mengambil 20 orang
pelajar. Jadi sekarang ini saya kena pastikan bahawa saya kena huraikan dengan
terperinci iaitu saya membuat kajian terhadap pelajar sekolah rendah lelaki
berapa perempuan berapa umur 9 tahun kena spesifik. Satu lagi subtopic iaitu
lokasi. Lokasi ini kita kena letak contohnya Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang. Jadi
pemeriksaan negeri lain mungkin tidak tahu di mana sekolah ini. Jadi kita akan
letak koordinat. Okey dan lebih bagus letak peta lokasi sekolah tersebut
daripada Google map ke atau daripada mana-mana yang jelas bagi lokasi tersebut,
Sekolah ini daripada jalan besar supaya orang tahu, Oh sekolah ini kat
sini. dan juga kena tahu sekolah ini luar bandar ataupun bandar. Kena jelas dan
terperinci. seperti yang saya kata methodologi ini kena terperinci. Kemudian
bahan. Kita punya kajian itu tadi tentang wacana textual skrip animinasi. Jadi
sekarang ini saya ada sampel saya ada lokasi. Sebab kita ambil pelajar
sekolah untuk temubual mengenai skrip animasi. Saya juga ada bahan atau
instrumen yang saya gunakan. Jadi kajian saya mengenai animasi jadi saya
ceritakan tentang bahan, cerita tentang animasi cerita rakyat terbitan Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka yang ditulis oleh Normaliza Abdul Rahim pada tahun
2020. Jadi animasi cerita rakyat ini saya yang tulis dan lagu lirik lagu skrip
semua saya yang buat dah. Kalau nak tengok boleh tengok di Google Store memang
saya dah ada di Google Store ada 33 buah cerita dan 33 buah lagu. Ini promosi
tiba-tiba.
Sekarang ini bolehlah siapa siapa nak tunjuk kepada anak saudara
ataupun jiran punya anak saudara ataupun jiran punya jiran punya jiran anak
saudara ataupun cucu dia pun boleh. murah je sebenarnya kita jual buku animasi
itu saya yang buat dan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka yang terbitkan. Maknanya
memang bahasanya bagus dan cerita rakyat ialah cerita rakyat melayu kita
turun-temurun jadi tengok di Google Store dekat apple tak ada. Ya ampun.
Jadi sekarang di sini juga kita letak sinopsis cerita rakyat contohnya
tajuk cerita rakyat nombor 1 iaitu Cenderawasih ini hanya contoh ya. saya perlu
letak sinopsis kat sini. Jadi kita perlu tahu tentang cerita ini sedangkan
pemeriksa tak tahu, orang yang nak baca Tesis kita tak tahu. Jadi kita
letak lah sinopsis kalau misalnya ceritanya saya ambil 20 cerita rakyat
letak 20 sinopsis kat bawah ni ianya mesti letak. Jadi kita pergi ke bahagian
prosedur. Jadi prosedur kita ini kita kena letak. Terpulang kepada pelajar atau
penyelia. kadang-kadang ada pelajar yang letak dalam bentuk point. Letak
nombor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sampai 10. Ada yang letak dalam bentuk perenggan. Bermakna
Kalau ada lima prosedur dia letak 5 perenggan. Boleh. Tak ada masalah asalkan
kita tahu bahawa prosedur pertama ada
kaitan dengan prosedur kedua ada kaitan dengan prosedur ketiga
keempat. Janganlah nombor 1 awak kata awak ambil Pelajar dahulu. Padahal
ikut objektif 1 dia kata kenal pasti subjek wacana textual animasi, Awak
ambil skrip animasi tersebut kemudian awak analisis tiba-tiba prosedur kedua awak
dah panggil pelajar untuk beri pendapat bilanya awak panggil budak tu untuk
membaca skrip tu, macam seolah-olah langkah setiap prosedur itu telah
melompat-lompat. Jadi salah. Jadi pastikan ini terpulang buat dalam bentuk
point atau perenggan tetapi pastikan ia mengikut macam mana awak jalankan
kajian. Itu penting. Langkah-langkah macam mana jalankan kajian itu awak je
yang tahu. Orang lain semua tak tahu. jadi kena langkah satu-satu. Okey balik
kepada 3.5 iaitu analisis. Analisis ini penting ya Sebab sekarang ini. Kita
ada dua objektif. jadi awak Huraikan mengikut objektif pun boleh. jadi di
sinilah pentingnya awak mengikut cording tadi Yang saya ceritakan dekat
bab 4 tadi. macam contoh cording SK 1 hingga SK 30 merupakan
skrip, skrip 1 hingga 30. S1 Merupakan sampel satu hingga sampai 30. Jadi
analisis ini yang awak kena jelaskan dan huraian tadi awak kena jelaskan SK ini
biasanya kadang-kadang ada orang buat dalam bentuk jadual SK maknanya
skrip. SK 1 maksudnya skrip 1. S1 bermakna sampel 1. Nanti huraikan Sk merujuk
kepada apa dia. Kena hurai. Sebab Cording ini penting. Sebab dalam data
kalau tak ada cording ni, kita tak faham. Takkanlah setiap kali kita nak
taip skrip 1, skrip 2, skrip 3 dan lain-lain. Tak bolehlah macam tu kan dan
juga yang ini pula sebelum kena ada satu jadual menceritakan SK 1 mengenai tajuknya
Cenderawasih, SK2 pula menceritakan apa burung pipit contohnya. ini tajuk-tajuk
daripada skrip yang awak dapati daripada cerita skrip animasi itu
tadi. Kena letak jadual dan huraikan. Kemudian bawah itu Barulah awak
ceritakan macam mana awak analisis data tersebut berikan contoh macam mana awak
analisis. Jadi yang ini kadang-kadang pelajar pandai dia tengok bab 4
dah letak contoh daripada bab 4 sikit dan letak kat sini. Jadi pemeriksa faham
macam mana dia analisis untuk objektif 1, objektif 2 asingkan cara awak huraikan
cara awak analisis objektif 1 dengan objektif 2 Dan objektif 3. kat situlah
pemeriksa akan faham cara awak analisis data ini.
Seterusnya setelah dia buat macam mana cara
analisis. Pergi kepada 3.4, kerangka teori. Okey kerangka teori ini
ialah pemilihan teori yang awak pilih. Jadi sekarang tadi kita memilih teori
analisis wacana Normaliza Abdul Rahim 2019. Jadi lukis kerangka nama kerangka.
Tulis kat dalam teori analisis wacana kemudian awak letak rangka yang awak
tulis tadi. jadi kat bawah awak tulis rajah 1 teori analisis wacana Normaliza
Abdul Rahim 2019. Kemudian bila dah habis tulis kerangka 3.4, Huraikan kat
bawah kerangka itu, tulis rajah 1 di atas menceritakan semua berkenaan
teori Normaliza Abdul Rahim ini. Yang ini sahaja perlu 2 hingga 3 halaman sebab
ini penting kerana huraian tentang teori ini penting seperti yang saya katakan
sebelum ini bahawa kita menganalisis data kita jalankan kajian berpaksikan
teori, tak ada teori memang payah jalan. Jadi takkan kita nak pakai analisis
je. Ada juga yang saya dapati semasa saya menjadi pemeriksa Viva Ada
juga pelajar yang apabila dia bentang terkejutlah saya kerana dia kata tiada
teori yang digunakan. Masa tu memang saya terkejut memang tak tahu apa nak buat
macam mana dia boleh analisis data tanpa tiada teori. Dia hanya main rasa
sahaja. Jadi semuanya tiap-tiap satu huraian ini janganlah salin bulat-bulat. Macam
contohnya teori saya ini ada dalam buku teori wacana strategi komunikasi
teori dan aplikasi, semuanya ada di dalam buku ini. Ada juga pelajar yang salin
bulat-bulat dia ingat kita tak tengok ke saya ni rajin membaca ya. Jadi jangan
ubah ayat cuma pharaprase ayat-ayat itu. Jadi kena sebut lah menurut Normaliza
Abdul Rahim 2019, kandungan bla bla bla bla jadi ceritakan tentang teori dan
juga dalam teori ini awak boleh juga ceritakan tentang teori analisis wacana Normaliza
Abdul Rahim merujuk kepada teori yang dicadangkan oleh sesiapa sebelum ini.
memperbaiki teori yang terdahulu. Sebab teori lama yang didapati pada
tahun1980. 1977 terlalu lama. kita kita perlu tahu pada zaman dahulu tidak sama
dengan sekarang sekarang kita mempunyai digital sekarang, manusia banyak
bercakap melalui maya.
Dan itu sebenarnya memang boleh dibuat kajian yang banyak. Dan
sekarang kanak-kanak kecil apabila kita tanya 1 soalan dia jawab 46. Kalau
zaman dahulu orang tua-tua cakap kita tanya dia 1 soalan dia jawab 10, tapi
sekarang zaman 2020 kita tanya 1 soalan dia jawab 47 jawapan.
Memang dia akan cakap sampai kita kata berhenti. itu sekarang kanak-kanak
sekarang Sebab itu kita tidak boleh pakai kerana kadang-kadang tidak releven
dengan keadaan sekarang. Tambahan pula jika kita nak buat kajian tentang
interaksi, tentang ujaran. tentang penulisan berbeza. tahun enam dia punya
tatabahasa berbeza dengan tahun enam punya tatabahasa sekarang yang dekat sama
dengan tingkatan 5 zaman dahulu. Jadi ia sangat berbeza sebab itulah kita
kalau jumpa teori baharu kita pakai yang baharu sebab orang yang membuat
kajian orang yang melahirkan teori ini, dia telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian
sebelum dia dapat satu teori ini. Seperti juga teori analisis wacana oleh Normaliza
Abdul Rahim ini, dia ini telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian sebelum dapat teori
ini. Dia ini sentiasa mencuba macam-macam dan akhirnya dia dapat satu
yang sesuai dengan keadaan zaman digital ini.
Okeylah kerangka teori ini dibuat kita ada 3.5 iaitu kerangka
konseptual. Kerangka konseptual ini mengikut penyelia masing-masing. Sebab ada
penyelia yang mengatakan kerangka konseptual itu seperti tatacara, ada yang
mengatakan ini bukan kerangka konseptual. Okey saya sudah jelaskan di dalam
buku ini sebenarnya ini semua tetap kepada penyelia fakulti dan universiti buku
ini, Cuma panduan sahaja saya tak suruh pun beli buku ini tapi kalau nak
carilah kat Shopee ada jual. Saya pun terkejut UPM kata kat Shopee pun boleh
beli. Okey sekarang ini mari kita lihat contoh yang saya nak tunjukkan tentang
kerangka ini. Ini di sebelah kiri ini menunjukkan kerangka konseptual. Ini
cara saya, Terpulang kepada penyelia yang berbeza. Dia akan kata “eh ini bukan
kerangka konseptual ini macam tatacara”, Ada yang kata cara lain. tak apa
jangan bimbang, jangan gusar pelajar ya, ikut je cakap penyelia masing-masing.
Ingat ya ini panduan hanya sahaja. Saya nak ajar supaya awak dapat bayangkan
cara membuat kerangka konseptual tapi jika awak buat cara lain tak apa tiada
masalah jadi apabila kerangka konseptual itu dah ada baru kita faham
kesemua alur kajian yang dibincangkan. Jadi kita boleh lihat dengan lebih
jelas. Kalau saya nak lebih terperinci saya boleh patah balik lihat balik
huraian bagi setiap satu subtopik itu. Bagi saya Itulah kerangka konseptual dan
bagi pelajar terpulang nak buat macam mana Tapi bagi saya ini jelas. Letakkan
di akhir dan 3.5 ini tidak perlukan huraian kerana huraian sudahpun dibuat. Kemudian
3.6 terus masuk kepada kesimpulan. Jadi dalam kesimpulan ini macam biasa
awak simpulkan dalam satu perenggan. Awak perlu ingat ya seperti yang saya
katakan tadi semua bab perlukan kesimpulan kecuali bab 5. Setiap bab pengenalan
itu kena huraikan. Untuk bab 3 biasanya pelajar ada tanya, “Prof berapa halaman
ya untuk bab 3”? jadi bab 3 ini sebenarnya tak perlu banyak kerana Ini semua
hanya huraian tidak perlu banyak halaman. Tak sampai pun 40 halaman. Biasanya
saya kata tak perlu banyak 10 Hingga 15 halaman sahaja. Kalau sampai
20 halaman terlalu banyak. Mungkin yang banyak ni bahagian sinopsis
yang lain-lain itu cuma huraian. Contohnya Instagram kita cuma screencapture dan
letak saja bahan itu kat sini.
Jadi itu tak perlulah kerana kita ada sinopsis 20 cerita yang
perlu diceritakan jadi mungkin agak banyak 10 Hingga 15 halaman. Ini bukan bab
analisis ini bab metadologi, cara kita menjalankan kajian. Okey selain daripada
itu saya rasa untuk bab 3 saya dah jelaskan dengan terperinci dan juga huraian
untuk setiap satu kena panjang sampel, lokasi, bahan kena panjang. Dan
kadang ada juga pelajar yang letak data rintis contohnya, kajian rintis. Boleh
juga kerana dia melibatkan soal selidik dan diringkaskan sebanyak dua atau tiga
round itu pun masih tidak betul lagi. Cuba banyak kali sehinggalah soal
selidik itu betul-betul sempurna. Jadi, itu kita boleh jelaskan di dalam ini. Tapi
jika tidak melibatkan soalan tidak apa. Dalam bahan ini tadi melibatkan skrip
jadi jika melibatkan skrip soalan temubual maknanya dalam ini kena ada satu
lagi iaitu instrumen. dekat sini awak kena huraikan instrument apa soal
selidik. Jadi awak kena letak kadang-kadang belajar letak dilampiran tapi
jelaskan apa yang ada contohnya bahagian A ada berapa soalan berkenaan apa dan
bahagian B berkenaan apa dia bahagian c berkenaan apa dan jumlah soalan berapa.
Yang itu tadi 3.4.1. dan awak ada pula soalan temu bual. Macam mana temubual itu
dijalankan, Huraikan di sini. dan soalan temubual itu letaklah soalan itu
1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Disinilah awak boleh letakkan tentang kajian rintis. Jadi ada
semua di sini Jika awak menggunakan instrumen kita tak ada tak perlu letak.
Jadi sekarang kena ada kalau misalnya soal selidik itu tak nak letak di
sini. Biasanya letak dilampiran soalan temubual boleh letak sebab tak banyak
Biasanya kajian yang kita jalankan ada triangulation. Maknanya dalam
bahagian ini kita ada temu bual, soal selidik, jadi lagi satu dia ada buat
pemerhatian. kalau dia nak jumpa pelajar itu mesti dia ada buat
pemerhatian. Okey pastikan bahawa bila dah ada pemerhatian itu kita kena
jelaskan kepada pelajar macam mana cara dia, adakah awak pasang video dan letak
kat tepi, awak perhatikan temubual itu. Antara awak dengan pelajar itu ataupun
dua orang pelajar kat depan. Kena ceritakan cara-cara pemerhatian itu
dijalankan. Semasa prosedur jelaskan langkah-langkah daripada mula sampai
akhir. Kalau nak asingkan mengikut objektif pun tidak apa kerana objektif pertama
berbeza dengan objektif kedua. Okey boleh faham tak ni? Saya ulang balik kita
ada pengenalan, reka bentuk, kaedah, sampel, lokasi, bahan atau instrumen
yang memang ada tetapi saya tinggal tadi maaf. Kita ada bahan jika ada bahan
kita asingkan dengan instrumen yang kita gunakan., jika ada kedua-duanya letak
keduanya sekali. Seterusnya prosedur, analisis, kerangka teori kerangka
konseptual Dan Akhir sekali kesimpulan. Jadi dalam bab ini ada 10 hingga 12 paling
banyak 15. Biasanya jarang pelajar buat tidak sampai 15 halaman kerana
tidak ada apa yang boleh dijelaskan panjang lebar. Jadi ingat bab 3 ini sangat
penting sebab bab 3 ini tentang kajian kita maknanya huraian tentang bagaimana
cara kita menjalankan kajian. saya ulang tidak perlu meletakkan definisi
sampel, definasi lokasi, semua itu tidak perlu. Kerana semuanya itu pelajar
punya. Kalau nak cerita sikit adalah rujukan, boleh lah letak. Kalau tak ada
tak apa. Kecuali teori kerana teori itu bukan kita punya. Yang lain itu kita
punya. Kita nak bagi pemeriksa itu faham, kita nak bagi kalau ada pelajar lain
yang baca kajian kita mereka akan terus faham macam mana keadaan kita ini
dijalankan.
Methodology (Chapter 3)
TERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGERIS
Chapter
3 ye. Chapter 3 is a methodology chapter, if the description is wrong,
everything will be wrong. So if we see in chapter 3 we have many subtopics of
the purpose so that we ourselves understand, even examiners understand, others
who are anywhere in Malaysia, abroad will understand because we describe in our
way of conducting research. That is called methodology. So here we see there
are many subtopics namely introduction, study design, research methods. The
research method is divided into samples if necessary if using a sample and
there is also a location if we use respondents for example at school or near
any village. There are also study instrument materials, procedures, analyzes,
theoretical frameworks, conceptual frameworks and conclusions. common
introduction in one paragraph i.e. 3.1 introduction then 3.2 design. In the
description of the design is short in one paragraph only in this design just
want to explain whether we use qualitative or quantitative. If we use both we
explain it. But it is not reasonable to give a definition. There is no need to
give that definition because chapter 3 only discusses our study only. So in one
paragraph tell about qualitative or quantitative or both at once. Then 3.3
study methods. Explain about what method we use. If we use a sample we place a
sample for example my study took 20 students. So now I have to make sure that I
have to explain in detail that I did a study on male primary school students
how many girls how many 9 years old must be specific. Another subtopic is
location. This location we have to put for example Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang.
So other state inspections may not know where this school is. So we will place
the coordinates. Okay and better put a map of the location of the school from
Google map to or from any that is clear of the location, This school is off the
highway so people know, Oh this school is here. and also need to know this
school is rural or urban. Must be clear and detailed. as I said this
methodology needs to be detailed.
Then the
ingredients. We had that study earlier about the textual discourse of the
animation script. So now I have a sample I have a location. Because we take
school students for interviews about animated scripts. I also have materials or
instruments that I use. So my study on animation so I told about the material,
the story about the animation of folklore published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
written by Normaliza Abdul Rahim in 2020. So this folklore animation I wrote
and the lyrics of the script song all I did. If you want to see, you can look
in the Google Store, I already have in the Google Store, there are 33 stories
and 33 songs. This is a sudden promotion.
Now this
can be anyone who wants to show to a nephew or a neighbor who has a nephew or a
neighbor who has a neighbor who has a neighbor a nephew or a grandchild he can
also. murah je actually we sell the animated book I made and Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka published. This means that it is a great language and folklore is
folklore Malay hereditary so we look at the Google Store near the apple does
not exist. Oh my gosh. So now here we also put a synopsis of folklore for
example the title of folklore number 1 which is Paradise is just an example
yes. I need to put a synopsis here. So we need to know about this story while
the examiner does not know, the person who wants to read our Thesis does not
know. So we put a synopsis if for example the story I took 20 folk tales put 20
synopsis below it must be placed. So we go to the procedure section. So we have
to put this procedure in place. It is up to the student or supervisor.
sometimes there are students who place in the form of points. Put numbers 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 to 10. Some are in paragraph form. Meaning If there are five procedures
he puts 5 paragraphs. Yes. There is no problem as long as we know that the
first procedure has to do with the second procedure has to do with the fourth
to the fourth procedure. Don't be number 1 you say you take Students first.
Though follow objective 1 he said identify the subject of animated textual
discourse, You take the animation script then you suddenly analyze the second
procedure you have called the student to give an opinion when you call the boy
to read the script, as if the steps of each procedure it has jumped. So wrong.
So make sure this is up to you in the form of points or paragraphs but make
sure it depends on how you conduct the study. That is important. Steps on how
to conduct the study you know. Everyone else does not know. so one step at a
time. Okay back to 3.5 which is analysis. This analysis is important because
now. We have two objectives. so you describe according to the objective can
also. so here is the importance of you following the cording earlier What I
told you about in chapter 4 earlier. for example cording SK 1 to SK 30 is a
script, scripts 1 to 30. S1 Is a sample of one to 30. So this analysis that you
have to explain and the description you have to explain this SK is usually
sometimes made by someone in the form of SK schedule the meaning of the script.
SK 1 means script 1. S1 means sample 1. Explain later Sk refers to what he is.
Be careful. Because Cording is important. Because in the data if there is no
cording, we do not understand. Not every time we want to type script 1, script
2, script 3 and so on. It can't be like that and also this one before there has
to be a schedule to tell SK 1 about the title Cenderawasih, SK2 also tells what
sparrows are for example. These are the titles of the script you got from the
animated script story just now. Have to put a table and explain. Then below
that Then you tell how you analyze the data give an example of how you analyze.
So this is sometimes a clever student he sees chapter 4 has put an example from
chapter 4 a little and put it here. So the examiner understands how he analyzes
for objective 1, objective 2 separates the way you describe the way you analyze
objective 1 with objective 2 And objective 3. then the examiner will understand
the way you analyze this data.
Next,
after he did the analysis. Go to 3.4, theoretical framework. Okay this
theoretical framework is the selection of the theory you choose. So now we have
chosen the theory of Normaliza Abdul Rahim discourse analysis 2019. So draw a
framework name framework. Write kat in the theory of discourse analysis then
you put the framework you wrote earlier. so below you write figure 1 of
Normaliza Abdul Rahim's discourse analysis theory 2019. Then when you have
finished writing the framework 3.4, Explain the bottom of the framework, write
figure 1 above to tell all about Normaliza Abdul Rahim's theory. This one only
needs 2 to 3 pages because this is important because the description of this
theory is important as I said before that we analyze our data to conduct a
theory-based study, no theory is worth the effort. So we do not want to use je
analysis. Some I found when I was a Viva examiner There were also students who
when he presented I was surprised because he said no theory was used. At that
time, I was really surprised because I did not know what to do with how he
could analyze the data without any theory. He just plays with taste. So do not
copy every single one of these descriptions. For example, my theory is in the
discourse theory book of communication strategy theory and application, all in
this book. There are also students who completely copy, he remembers that we do
not look at me diligently reading yes. So do not change the sentence just
pharaprase those verses. So it must be mentioned that according to Normaliza
Abdul Rahim 2019, the content of blah blah blah blah so tell about the theory
and also in this theory you can also tell about the theory of discourse
analysis Normaliza Abdul Rahim refers to the theory proposed by anyone before.
correcting previous theories. The reason for the old theory found in 1980. 1977
is too long. we we need to know in the past is not the same as now we have
digital now, humans talk a lot through virtual.
And that
can actually be done a lot of research. And now a small child when we ask 1
question he answered 46. If in the old days parents said we asked him 1
question he answered 10, but now in 2020 we ask 1 question he answered 47
answers. Indeed, he will speak until we say stop. that now children now That is
why we can not wear it because sometimes it is not relevant to the current
situation. Furthermore, if we want to do research on interaction, on speech.
about different writing. year six he has grammar different from year six he has
grammar now which is close to the same level 5 of yesteryear. So it is very
different that is why we if we find a new theory we adopt a new one because the
person who made the study of the person who gave birth to this theory, he did
hundreds of studies before he got this one theory. Like the theory of discourse
analysis by Normaliza Abdul Rahim, he has done hundreds of studies before
getting this theory. He always tried all sorts of things and finally he got one
that suits the conditions of this digital age.
Okay
this theoretical framework is made we have 3.5 which is the conceptual
framework. This conceptual framework follows the respective supervisors.
Because some supervisors say that the conceptual framework is like a procedure,
some say this is not a conceptual framework. Okay, I have already explained in
this book, in fact, this is all up to the supervisor of the faculty and
university of this book. It's just a guide, I did not even ask to buy this
book, but if you want to look for Shopee, there is a sale. I was surprised that
UPM said that Shopee can also buy. Okay now let's look at an example I want to
show about this framework. This on the left shows this conceptual framework.
This is my way, It depends on the different supervisor. He will say "uh
this is not a conceptual framework this kind of procedure", Some say
another way. It's okay, don't worry, don't upset the students, follow the
instructions of their respective supervisors. Remember yes this is just a
guide. I want to teach you so that you can imagine how to make a conceptual
framework, but if you do it the other way, it doesn't matter, so when the
conceptual framework is there, we will understand all the research channels
discussed. So we can see more clearly. If I want more detail I can break back
and look back at the description for each of these subtopics. For me That is
the conceptual framework and for students it depends on what to do But for me
this is clear. Put at the end and this 3.5 does not need a description because
the description has already been made. Then 3.6 goes straight to the
conclusion. So in this conclusion as usual you conclude in one paragraph. You
need to remember yes as I said earlier all chapters need conclusions except
chapter 5. Each introductory chapter must be elaborated. For chapter 3,
students usually ask, "Prof, how many pages for chapter 3"? so this
chapter 3 does not actually need much because This is all just a description
does not need a lot of pages. Not even 40 pages. Usually I say you don't need
many 10 to 15 pages only. If up to 20 pages is too much. Maybe a lot of these
other synopsis parts are just descriptions. For example, our Instagram is just
a screencapture and just put the material here.
So that
is not necessary because we have a synopsis of 20 stories that need to be told
so maybe a lot of 10 to 15 pages. This is not a chapter of analysis this
chapter of methodology, the way we conduct research. Okay apart from that I
think for chapter 3 I have explained in detail and also the description for
each one of the sample length, location, material length. And sometimes there
are also students who put pilot data for example, pilot study. It could also be
because he involved a questionnaire and summarized as many as two or three
rounds is still incorrect. Try many times until the questionnaire is completely
perfect. So, that we can explain in this. But if it does not involve questions
it does not matter. In this material, it involves the script, so if it involves
the script of the interview question, the meaning in this is that there must be
another instrument. near here you have to describe what instrument the
questionnaire is. So you have to put sometimes learn to place attached but
explain what is there for example part A there are how many questions about
what and part B about what he part c about what and how many questions. That
was just 3.4.1. and you also have an interview question. How the interview was
conducted, Describe here. and the interview question put the question
1,2,3,4,5,6,7. This is where you can put about a pilot study. So there is
everything here If you use our instruments there is no need to put. So now
there must be if for example the questionnaire does not want to be placed here.
Usually placed near the interview questions can be placed because there are not
many Usually the study we conduct there is triangulation. Meaning in this
section we have interviews, questionnaires, so another one he has for
observation. if he wants to meet the student he must be there for observation.
Okay make sure that when there is the observation we have to explain to the
student what kind of way he is, do you put a video and put it by the side, you
watch the interview. Between you and the student or two students at the front.
Need to tell the way the observation was carried out. During the procedure
explain the steps from start to finish. If you want to separate according to
the objective, it does not matter because the first objective is different from
the second objective. Okay can you understand this? I repeat we have an
introduction, design, method, sample, location, material or instrument that is
there but I stayed just sorry. We have material if there is material we
separate with the instrument we use., If there is both place both at once. Next
procedures, analysis, conceptual framework conceptual framework And Finally
conclusion. So in this chapter there are 10 to 12 at most 15. Usually students
rarely make less than 15 pages because there is nothing that can be explained
at length. So remember this chapter 3 is very important because this chapter 3
about our study means a description of how we conduct research. I repeat no
need to put sample definition, location definition, all that is not necessary.
Because that's all students have. If you want a little story is a reference,
you can put it. If there is nothing, it doesn't matter. Except theory because
that theory is not ours. The rest we have. We want the examiner to understand,
we want to share if there are other students who read our study they will
continue to understand how our situation is conducted.
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